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[1] Berlin's economy is dominated by the service sector, with around 84% of all companies doing business in services. Dezember eröffnen", "Humboldt Forum will zunächst nur digital eröffnen", "Der höchste Berg von Berlin ist neuerdings in Pankow", "Berlin, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)", "The different types of vertical greening systems and their relative sustainability", "Temperaturmonatsmittel BERLIN-TEMPELHOF 1701- 1993", "Niederschlagsmonatssummen BERLIN-DAHLEM 1848– 1990", "Berlin, Germany - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast", "World Weather Information Service – Berlin", Long-term Development of Selected Climate Parameters (Edition 2015), "Anteil öffentlicher Grünflächen in Berlin", "Construction and redevelopment since 1990", "A Forest of Pillars, Recalling the Unimaginable", Population on 1 January by age groups and sex – functional urban areas, Eurostat, "Initiativkreis Europäische Metropolregionen in Deutschland: Berlin-Brandenburg", "Berlin wird farbiger. The city has four public research universities and more than 30 private, professional, and technical colleges (Hochschulen), offering a wide range of disciplines. Its two main locations are on Potsdamer Straße and on Unter den Linden. Cölln on the Fischerinsel is first mentioned in a 1237 document, and Berlin, across the Spree in what is now called the Nikolaiviertel, is referenced in a document from 1244. Other professional team sport clubs include: This article is about the German city. First documented in the 13th century and at the crossing of two important historic trade routes,[12] Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417–1701), the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933), and the Third Reich (1933–1945). Of the estimated population of 30,000–45,000 Jewish residents,[112] approximately 12,000 are registered members of religious organizations.[107]. Turkish and Arab immigrants brought their culinary traditions to the city, such as the lahmajoun and falafel, which have become common fast food staples. 54 percent of them were single-person households. Today ethnic Germans from countries of the former Soviet Union make up the largest portion of the Russian-speaking community. [241] The city hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics and was the host city for the 2006 FIFA World Cup final. The East Berlin system which inherited the Hauptelegraphenamt, the central hub of the system, was in operation until 1976, Berlin's two largest energy provider for private households are the Swedish firm Vattenfall and the Berlin-based company GASAG. [160] Deutsche Bahn runs high speed Intercity-Express trains to domestic destinations like Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Stuttgart, Frankfurt am Main and others. Berlin is the central location to several international and regional television and radio stations. German is one of 24 languages of the European Union,[103] and one of the three working languages of the European Commission. The West Berlin system in operation and open for public use until 1963, and for government use until 1972. The Spree follows this valley now. The UMTS (3G) and LTE (4G) networks of the three major cellular operators Vodafone, T-Mobile and O2 enable the use of mobile broadband applications citywide. West Berlin's partnerships had previously been restricted to the borough level. [76] Annual precipitation is 570 millimeters (22 in) with moderate rainfall throughout the year. Berlin is subdivided into 12 boroughs or districts (Bezirke). [182] A record number of 175,651 students were enrolled in the winter term of 2015/16. The sectors of the Western Allies (the United States, the United Kingdom and France) formed West Berlin, while the Soviet sector formed East Berlin.[55]. [53] Berlin is the most heavily bombed city in history. The largest religious denomination recorded in 2010 was the Protestant regional church body—the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO)—a United church. The Brücke Museum features one of the largest collection of works by artist of the early 20th-century expressionist movement. One of Europe's largest delicatessen markets is found at the KaDeWe, and among the world's largest chocolate stores is Fassbender & Rausch.[231]. The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949. The Gendarmenmarkt is a neoclassical square in Berlin, the name of which derives from the headquarters of the famous Gens d'armes regiment located here in the 18th century. [190] In 2012, around 65,000 professional scientists were working in research and development in the city. In the mid-1950s it was closed to vehicles, and after the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, pedestrian traffic was heavily restricted. Taschenkalender. There are seven symphony orchestras in Berlin. Berlin hosts in total 158 foreign embassies[127] as well as the headquarters of many think tanks, trade unions, nonprofit organizations, lobbying groups, and professional associations. Berlin has Germany's largest number of daily newspapers, with numerous local broadsheets (Berliner Morgenpost, Berliner Zeitung, Der Tagesspiegel), and three major tabloids, as well as national dailies of varying sizes, each with a different political affiliation, such as Die Welt, Neues Deutschland, and Die Tageszeitung. The Charité complex (Universitätsklinik Charité) is the largest university hospital in Europe, tracing back its origins to the year 1710. Among the largest international corporations who have their German or European headquarters in Berlin are Bombardier Transportation, Gazprom Germania, Coca-Cola, Pfizer, Sony and Total. Public transportation in Berlin has a long and complicated history because of the 20th century division of the city, where movement between the two halves was not served. In Spandau, a borough in the west of Berlin, the Spree empties into the river Havel, which flows from north to south through western Berlin. [229][230] German bakeries offering a variety of breads and pastries are widespread. Clim Change 92: 99–107, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Germany's third-largest metropolitan region, world's oldest large-scale movie studio complex, heat stored by the city's buildings and pavement, Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO), Member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Union of Evangelical Free Church Congregations in Germany, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Berlin's 12 boroughs and their 96 neighborhoods, List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany, Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, International Congress and Convention Association, largest power plants measured by capacity, Universities and research institutions in Berlin, Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin, European Institute of Innovation and Technology, "Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg – Statistiken", "Statistischer Bericht: Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. The city's appearance today has been predominantly shaped by the key role it played in Germany's history during the 20th century. [209] In the 1970s and 80s the SO36 in Kreuzberg was a center for punk music and culture. The city's main venue for musical theater performances are the Theater am Potsdamer Platz and Theater des Westens (built in 1895). German international public broadcaster Deutsche Welle has its TV production unit in Berlin, and most national German broadcasters have a studio in the city including ZDF and RTL. ", "In Germany, a Jewish community now thrives", "Berlins jüdische Gotteshäuser vor der Pogromnacht 1938: Untergang einer religiösen Vielfalt", "Verfassung von Berlin – Abschnitt IV: Die Regierung", "Berliner Haushalt Finanzsenator bleibt trotz sprudelnder Steuereinnahmen vorsichtig", "Berlin Mayor, Symbol of Openness, Has National Appeal", "Städtepartnerschaftsverein Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg e. V.", "Gesetz über die Feststellung des Bundeshaushaltsplans für das Haushaltsjahr 2014", "Berlin hat so wenig Arbeitslose wie seit 24 Jahren nicht", "In Berlin gibt es so viele Beschäftigte wie nie zuvor", "Immer mehr Konzerne suchen den Spirit Berlins", "The Science and Technology Park Berlin-Adlershof", "Arbeitslosenquote nach Bundesländern in Deutschland 2018 | Statista", "Berlin's 'poor but sexy' appeal turning city into European Silicon Valley", "Berlin outranks London in start-up investment", "DB Schenker to concentrate control functions in Frankfurt am Main", "A German Publisher Is Winning the Internet", "Bayer Worldwide: Activities and Directions to the German Sites", "Berlin Welcomes Record Numbers of Tourists and Convention Participants in 2014", "Berlin No.1 city and Germany No.2 country in new ICCA rankings", "Culture and Creative Industries Index Berlin-Brandenburg 2015", "Quality of Living City Ranking | Mercer", "Munich Named The Most Livable City In The World", "München rutscht ab: Städte-Studie sieht Berlin auf dem Spitzenplatz", "Berlins Arbeitsmarkt boomt – aber die Armut bleibt groß", "Politik national » Nachrichten zu Bund und Ländern | Handelsblatt", "Whatever happened to Berlin's deserted 'ghost' airport? [132] Several major corporations like Volkswagen, Pfizer, and SAP operate innovation laboratories in the city. NSDAP rule diminished Berlin's Jewish community from 160,000 (one-third of all Jews in the country) to about 80,000 as a result of emigration between 1933 and 1939. In Lichtenberg, on the grounds of the former East German Ministry for State Security, is the Stasi Museum. Berliners would achieve seven gold, twelve silver and three bronze medals.[251]. [24] Since the 2000s Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene. In 2019, the urban area of Berlin had about 4.5 million inhabitants. Several professional clubs representing the most important spectator team sports in Germany have their base in Berlin. Travelers can access all modes of transport with a single ticket. In 2014, around 30,500 creative companies operated in the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan region, predominantly SMEs. Among them are the German Heart Center, one of the most renowned transplantation centers, the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and the Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics. A number of new buildings have been inspired by their historical predecessors or the general classical style of Berlin, such as Hotel Adlon. [123], Berlin is the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany. [122] Town twinning between Berlin and other cities began with its sister city Los Angeles in 1967. Berlinerisch or Berlinisch is not a dialect linguistically, but has features of Lausitzisch-neumärkisch dialects. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, many historic buildings in Mitte, the former city center of East Berlin, were illegally occupied and rebuilt by young squatters and became a fertile ground for underground and counterculture gatherings. Finden Sie hier Traueranzeigen, Todesanzeigen und Beileidsbekundungen aus Ihrer Tageszeitung oder passende Hilfe im Trauerfall. Typical street scene at Simon-Dach-Straße. Around 130,000 jobs were added in this period. The West German government established itself in Bonn. The Deutsche Oper opened in 1912 in Charlottenburg. The most-commonly-spoken foreign languages in Berlin are Turkish, Polish, English, Arabic, Italian, Bulgarian, Russian, Romanian, Kurdish, Serbo-Croatian, French, Spanish and Vietnamese. A private museum venture exhibits a comprehensive documentation of detailed plans and strategies devised by people who tried to flee from the East. In 2015 Berlin became the venue for the UEFA Champions League Final. About one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers, canals and lakes. City-wide elections in December 1990 resulted in the first "all Berlin" mayor being elected to take office in January 1991, with the separate offices of mayors in East and West Berlin expiring by that time, and Eberhard Diepgen (a former mayor of West Berlin) became the first elected mayor of a reunited Berlin. Since 2014 this office has been held by Michael Müller of the Social Democrats.[121]. Albert Einstein rose to public prominence during his years in Berlin, being awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Berlin is also home to a diverse gastronomy scene reflecting the immigrant history of the city. [174] The modern history of medicine has been significantly influenced by scientists from Berlin. Berlin has three major opera houses: the Deutsche Oper, the Berlin State Opera, and the Komische Oper. Nous voudrions effectuer une description ici mais le site que vous consultez ne nous en laisse pas la possibilité. In 1993 the power grid connections in the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region were renewed. 03.04.2018 - (David Berger) Der Theologe, Philosoph, Publizist, Bestsellerautor und Macher von Philosophia perennis Dr. Dr. habil. In 2018, the GDP of Berlin totaled €147 billion, an increase of 3.1% over the previous year. Around 500,000 daily bike riders accounted for 13% of total traffic in 2010. [134] Within the Eurozone, Berlin has become a center for business relocation and international investments. One of Germany's 16 constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg, and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. [155] According to the 2019 study by Forschungsinstitut Prognos, Berlin was ranked number 92 of all 401 regions in Germany. Invented in Berlin, currywurst is an icon of German popular culture and cuisine. Young people, international artists and entrepreneurs continued to settle in the city and made Berlin a popular entertainment center in the world. West of the center, Bellevue Palace is the residence of the German President. [96] A portion of the African immigrants have settled in the Afrikanisches Viertel. [169] It is estimated Berlin has 710 bicycles per 1000 residents. immo.inFranken.de – Ihre Immobiliensuche in Franken. As of 2018, the three largest banks headquartered in the capital were Deutsche Kreditbank, Landesbank Berlin and Berlin Hyp.[142]. The wireless networks are concentrated mostly in central districts; 650 hotspots (325 indoor and 325 outdoor access points) are installed. Each borough has a number of subdistricts or neighborhoods (Ortsteile), which have roots in much older municipalities that predate the formation of Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920. Friedrichstraße was Berlin's legendary street during the Golden Twenties. The airport grounds have since been turned into a city park. The most famous and largest are Berlin Pride, the Christopher Street Day,[213] the Lesbian and Gay City Festival in Berlin-Schöneberg, the Kreuzberg Pride and Hustlaball. [214][215] The Karneval der Kulturen (Carnival of Cultures), a multi-ethnic street parade, is celebrated every Pentecost weekend. [145] Some of these congress events take place on venues such as CityCube Berlin or the Berlin Congress Center (bcc). The hottest pornstars and MILFs with Big Tits In 2006, the FIFA World Cup Final was held in Berlin. One third of its houses were damaged or destroyed, and the city lost half of its population. The Konzerthaus (Concert Hall), home of the Berlin Symphony Orchestra, stands between the two cathedrals. The largest visitor groups are from Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and the United States. More than 337,000 families with children under the age of 18 lived in Berlin. [92] The entire Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has a population of more than 6 million in an area of 30,546 km2 (11,794 sq mi). These subdistricts became urbanized and incorporated into the city later on. Since 2015, the Arkenberge hills in Pankow at 122 meters (400 ft) elevation, have been the highest point in Berlin. [104], According to the 2011 census, approximately 37 percent of the population reported being members of a legally-recognized church or religious organization. [234] The city's other zoo, Tierpark Friedrichsfelde, was founded in 1955. Edition Luisenstadt Berlin, Nr. The area around Potsdam in particular Sanssouci is known for a series of interconnected lakes and cultural landmarks. [152] Economist Intelligence Unit ranks Berlin number 21 of all global cities. It is the largest remaining evidence of the city's historical division. It is the only observation tower which stands on insulators and has a restaurant 55 m (180 ft) and an observation deck 126 m (413 ft) above ground, which is reachable by a windowed elevator. In 2009, approximately 249,000 Muslims were reported by the Office of Statistics to be members of Mosques and Islamic religious organizations in Berlin,[108] while in 2016, the newspaper Der Tagesspiegel estimated that about 350,000 Muslims observed Ramadan in Berlin. Twelve restaurants in Berlin have been included in the Michelin Guide of 2015, which ranks the city at the top for the number of restaurants having this distinction in Germany. For other uses, see. [27] Since the Ber- at the beginning sounds like the German word Bär (bear), a bear appears in the coat of arms of the city. West Berlin was now de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status, while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany. The name Berlin has its roots in the language of West Slavic inhabitants of the area of today's Berlin, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl- ("swamp"). The Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra is one of the preeminent orchestras in the world;[219] it is housed in the Berliner Philharmonie near Potsdamer Platz on a street named for the orchestra's longest-serving conductor, Herbert von Karajan. [242] The IAAF World Championships in Athletics was held in the Olympiastadion in 2009. [244] and was one of the hosts of the FIBA EuroBasket 2015. Restoration and construction of a main entrance to all museums, as well as reconstruction of the Stadtschloss continues. Several venues have become a popular stage for the Neo-Burlesque scene. [50] In 1881, it became a city district separate from Brandenburg.[51]. Mac PC. Before the opening of the BER in Brandenburg, Berlin was served by Tegel Airport and Schönefeld Airport. The earliest evidence of settlements in the area of today's Berlin are remnants of a house foundation dated to 1174, found in excavations in Berlin Mitte,[28] and a wooden beam dated from approximately 1192. The Brandenburg Gate is an iconic landmark of Berlin and Germany; it stands as a symbol of eventful European history and of unity and peace. The Pharmaceuticals division of Bayer[143] and Berlin Chemie are major pharmaceutical companies in the city. Kom förbi och låt dig inspireras. In 1539, the electors and the city officially became Lutheran. [100] Berlin in 2009 was estimated to have 100,000 to 250,000 unregistered inhabitants. [87] Berlin's second largest and most popular park, the Großer Tiergarten, is located right in the center of the city. [48], The Industrial Revolution transformed Berlin during the 19th century; the city's economy and population expanded dramatically, and it became the main railway hub and economic center of Germany. Apart from the Museum Island, there are many additional museums in the city. Throughout the 1990s, people in their 20s from all over the world, particularly those in Western and Central Europe, made Berlin's club scene a premier nightlife venue. [129] From 2012 to 2015 Berlin, as a German state, had the highest annual employment growth rate. Forty-seven elite athletes participated in the 2012 Summer Olympics. [252] The team represented Berlin as a founding member of the Bundesliga, Germany's highest soccer league, in 1963. Berlin is home to at least 180,000 Turkish and Turkish German residents,[2] making it the largest Turkish community outside of Turkey. East Berlin's partnerships were canceled at the time of German reunification but later partially reestablished. The Governing Mayor is simultaneously Lord Mayor of the City of Berlin (Oberbürgermeister der Stadt) and Minister President of the State of Berlin (Ministerpräsident des Bundeslandes). [187][188] The Universität der Künste (UdK) has about 4,000 students and ESMT Berlin is only one of four business schools in Germany with triple accreditation. [41], By 1700, approximately 30 percent of Berlin's residents were French, because of the Huguenot immigration. Informieren Sie sich hier über Stroh zu Gold! More than half of all German Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine, including Emil von Behring, Robert Koch and Paul Ehrlich, have worked at the Charité. [3] As of 2019[update] the functional urban area was home to about 5.2 million people.